Glossary

Select a letter below:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

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Abstinence

Refraining from the use of alcohol or drugs.

Addiction

In drug and alcohol addiction parlance, it could mean loss of control over one’s physical and emotional actions due to overdependence on drugs or alcohol.

Addictive Personality

An individual’s basic predisposition to addiction. This is deemed as an inherent personality trait.

Adverse Reaction

an unexpected reaction to drugs or alcohol that is the opposite of the intended reaction.

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Alcoholics Anonymous

This is a voluntary organization founded in 1935 with aim of eliminating alcoholism in individuals and society. The Twelve Suggested Steps of AA are the basic tenets on which recovery from alcoholism is based.

Alcoholism

Chronic dependence and addiction to alcohol. This is a disease that is progressive and fatal.

Ambivalence

Prevalence of contradictory feelings in an individual for the same person or object.

Amphetamine

This is classified as a stimulant under a broad classification of drugs.

Anorexia:  A condition where there is absence of appetite for food.

AOD

Alcohol and Other Drugs.

AODA

Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse.

Assessment

Analyzing a person’s psychological makeup, sociological background, work and educational history, personal issues, etc, through an interview or a series of interviews. This is the first step in a drug or alcohol rehab program.

Aversive Conditioning

A type of behavioral therapy to control undesirable behavior like addiction or sexual deviations.

B

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Barbiturate

A classification of related sedative-hypnotic compounds that share a six-membered ring structure.

Behaviorism

A branch of study under human psychology that is based on observations and conclusions on behavior that is definable and measurable.

Biofeedback

The process of using signals to control normal, involuntary physiological processes.

Blood Alcohol Level

The amount of alcohol concentration in blood expressed in percent by weight.

Bulimia

Binge eating in a short period of time..

C

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Caffeine

An alkaloid that is a stimulant and diuretic. Found in coffee, tea and kola nuts.

Carcinogen

Cancer causing agent

Causal factors

The reasons or conditions that influence chemical dependency in an individual.

CCDC

Certified Chemical Dependency Counselor

Chemical

A substance that can alter body function.

Chemical Dependence

Dependence on a chemical.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Denotes the spinal cord and brain.

Cirrhosis

A chronic disease of the liver. Could lead to scarring or total failure of the liver.

Classical Conditioning

According to the Farlex Free Dictionary, “Classical conditioning is a process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to respond in a desired manner to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response.

Co-Dependence

In drug or alcohol rehab parlance, when a person assumes responsibility for the actions of others to protect the other person from the consequences, it is called Co-dependence.

Codeine

A sedative and pain relieving drug. Found in opium.

Cognitive Therapy / Processing

According to the Farlex Free Dictionary, Cognitive Therapy is defines as “A form of psychotherapy using imagery, self-instruction, and related techniques to alter distorted attitudes and perceptions.”

Competencies

Skills needed to perform certain functions.

Conditioning

A behavior modification process.

Confirmed Infectious TB Case

An individual who has been confirmed to have infectious tuberculosis.

Crisis Intervention

Intervention provided during a crisis that threatens the functioning of an individual or family.

Cross Dependence

The mechanism by which one drug can reduce or prevent the withdrawal symptoms associated with another drug.

Cross Tolerance

When tolerance to one drug results in a lessened response to another drug, it is called cross tolerance.

D

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Denial

Denying or refusing to admit that one has a problem with alcohol or drugs.

Depression

An inactive state coupled with sadness.

DEA

Drug Enforcement Administration.

Depressant

A broad classification of drugs that sedate by attacking the central nervous system.

Detoxification

Eradicating harmful, toxic substances from the body.

Disease Model

A theory that says alcoholism is a disease. This theory is supported by WHO and other alcoholism eradication organizations.

Disorganization

A state of confused, impaired, and inefficient emotional abilities.

Downers

A broad classification of substances such as alcohol, barbiturates, depressants  and tranquilizers.

Drug Misuse

Use of a drug for purposes other than for which it is manufactured.

Drug Tolerance

Decrease in responsiveness to a drug. A progressive condition.

Dual-Diagnosis

Condition of mental patients on mind altering drugs.

DUI

Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol.

DWI

Driving While Intoxicated.

E

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Enzyme

A biological chemical made of protein.

Ethanol

Ethyl alcohol.

F

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Birth defects such as developmental retardation and cardiac abnormalities seen in babies of mothers who are addicted to alcohol.

Fetal Drug Syndrome (FDS)

Premature delivery, growth retardation, spontaneous abortion,  and withdrawal symptoms seen in the babies of mothers who abuse drugs, especially during pregnancy.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A U.S. federal government agency that determines the quality and safety standards for drugs, food, and cosmetics.

H

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Hallucination

False perception of sensations, auditory or visual.

Hallucinogen

Chemical substance that induces hallucination.

High Risk Work Environment

Any facility that houses inmates with contagious diseases and conditions.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus; the virus that causes AIDS.

I

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Inhalant

Inhalable chemical substance.

Illicit Drugs

Illegal drugs, possession and sales of which is a crime.

Interpersonal Relationships

Social relations between individuals or groups.

Intoxication

A state in which senses are impaired.

Involuntary Smoking

Inhaling cigarette smoke of others. Related to passive smoking.

M

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Medical Model

A theory that says drug addiction is a medical problem.

Metabolism (of drugs)

Physical and chemical reactions a body carries out to process and excrete drugs.

Morphine

A highly abused drug that is a pain relieving sedative.

Methadone

A synthetically produced opiate type drug.

N

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Narcotic

A drug with the power to sedate or cause drowsiness people and reduce pain.

NCADD

National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence.

Neurotransmitter

A chemical released by neurons to communicate with one another. Example

Dopamine, Serotonin, GABA, etc.

Nicotine

The main ingredient in tobacco, which is extremely toxic, and causes constriction of blood vessels and increases heart rate and blood pressure.

NBAE

National Board of Addiction Examiners – a non-profit organization belonging to the National Association of Forensic Counselors.

O

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Operant Conditioning

According to Farlex Free Dictionary, Operant Conditioning is a process of behavior modification in which the likelihood of a specific behavior is increased or decreased through positive or negative reinforcement each time the behavior is exhibited, so that the subject comes to associate the pleasure or displeasure of the reinforcement with the behavior.

Opiate

Any sedative narcotic containing opium or its synthetic derivatives.

Opioids

Synthetic opiates.

Over-the-Counter Drugs

Drugs sold without a prescription; usually illegal.

P

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Pep pills

Denotes amphetamines.

Pharmacology

The study of drugs, medicines and their action on living things.

Placebo

An inactive substance or preparation used as a control in an experiment or test to determine the effectiveness of a medicinal drug (Farlex Free Dictionary).

Precursor

A compound that gives rise to another compound in a metabolic sequence of reactions.

Prescription Drugs

Drugs available only on a written order/request from a qualified medical practitioner.

Prevention (primary)

A process that creates conditions which promote the well being of people.

Prevention (secondary)

A process that detects problems and intervenes to make sure the problems do not become more severe.

Prevention (tertiary)

A process that rehabilitates people with severe disorders.

Prognosis

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease.

Psychedelic

A cam state of mind and pleasurable perceptions caused by mind altering drugs.

Psychoactive Drug

Any drug that causes change in mood and/or behavior due to changes in the functions of the brain.

Psychotherapy

The treatment of mental and emotional disorders through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into problems, with the goal being relief of symptoms, changes in behavior leading to improved social and vocational functioning, and personality growth. (Farlex Free Dictionary)

Psychotropic Drug

Any chemical substance that acts by affecting psychic mood behavior or experience.

Psychological Dependence

A psychological compulsion to use a particular drug or alcohol.

Psychopharmacology

The study of the effects of drugs on the psychology of people.

Psychiatrist

A trained doctor in psychiatrics.

R

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Receptor

A protein in the cytoplasm or membrane that interacts with a hormone, drug or neurotransmitter.

Recidivism

Return to a previous type of behavior. Example

drug or alcohol relapse.

Rehabilitate

To restore to normalcy or a previous state of well being.

Relapse

The return of a person to alcoholism or drug abuse, either temporarily or permanently.

Relapse Prevention

A therapeutic process to stop a person from relapsing.

Reversed Tolerance

Progressive increase in responsiveness to a particular drug.

S

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Self-help Group

A group of individuals with similar problems that supports and mentors each other.

Self Reporting Screening Inventory

Devices that can be used to determine whether full screen testing is needed for an AODA patient.

Side Effects

Undesirable secondary effects.

Social Model

Permanent lifestyle changes in a recovering addict to help him/her live a productive and sober life.

Steroids

Any of numerous naturally occurring or synthetic fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings and including the sterols and bile acids, adrenal and sex hormones, certain natural drugs such as digitalis compounds, and the precursors of certain vitamins. (Farlex Free Dictionary)

Stimulant

Drugs that stimulate excitement by acting on the Central Nervous System (CNS).

Straight

Sober.

Substance Abuse

Misuse of drugs, cigarettes or alcohol.

Syndrome

Symptoms and signs of a disease or condition.

Synergism

The resultant effect of using a combination of drugs at the same time.

T

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TB

Tuberculosis (Disease)

TB Bacilli

The bacteria that causes tuberculosis.

Therapeutic Community

A group of individuals with similar problems that provide mutual support.

Tolerance

A state in which an individual must increase the dosage or drug or alcohol to arrive at the same effect.

Toxicity

The amount or degree of harmfulness caused by a chemical.

Tranquilizers

Chemical substances used to relieve anxiety and psychosis by producing a deep sense of calm.

U

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Ups or Uppers

Chemical substances that stimulate.

V

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Values

Set of standards.

W

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Withdrawal Syndrome

Reactions, physical and/or psychological, which occur when a person stops the use of a drug abruptly.